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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*apa (*appa) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"father face="Times New Roman Star"отец face="Times New Roman Star"apa (Orkh., OUygh.) 'ancestors' face="Times New Roman Star"apa (MK ) 'father, bear' ("Kypch."), (KB ) 'ancestor' face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"awa face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba 'father, bear' face="Times New Roman Star"oba 'bear' face="Times New Roman Star"ava face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"apa (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"appa, aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Kakuk ), aba, apa (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, VEWT 1, ЭСТЯ 1, 54-58, Федотов 2, 281, Лексика 305, Аникин 71. Сf. also *ba:pa 'grandfather, mother's father' (Turkm. ba:ba etc., see ЭСТЯ 2, 10-13, Лексика 294, 305). Voicing of -p- in many languages is probably due to expressive gemination.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ty:t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"larch-tree face="Times New Roman Star"лиственница face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tet ag|ac (dial., КСТТ 200) face="Times New Roman Star"tyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt face="Times New Roman Star"ti:t face="Times New Roman Star"ti:t face="Times New Roman Star"dyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (Рас. ФиЛ ), dyt / tyt face="Times New Roman Star"tyt 'mulberry tree' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 479, EDT 449, Stachowski 224. The meaning in Kirgh. is influenced by tut < Iran., see Стеблин-Каменский 1982 , 88-89.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tu:krag (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"royal sign manual face="Times New Roman Star"знак царской власти face="Times New Roman Star"tug|rag| (MK - Oghuz), tug|ra (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ra face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ro| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 496. EDT 471, TMN 3, 342-343. The word may belong here if it is not derived < tu:g 'banner' ( < Chin.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tygra- / *Tygyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 firm, tough 2 narrow, compact, firm face="Times New Roman Star"1 крепкий, плотный 2 узкий, тесный, плотный face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|ra-q 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|raq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dyqyz 1 (a contamination with dyq- `to stuff') face="Times New Roman Star"tu:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|vъw|r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyjys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, EDT 471.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble').
face="Times New Roman Star"*bialyk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"city, fortress face="Times New Roman Star"город, крепость face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq, paluq face="Times New Roman Star"baluq 'деревня' face="Times New Roman Star"pu"ler face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, 257, EDT 335-336, ЭСТЯ 2, 59, ОСНЯ 3, 91, Лексика 485, Мудрак Дисс. 194.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Arka- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lasso, thick string face="Times New Roman Star"лассо, толстая веревка face="Times New Roman Star"arkan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"arqa:n face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 26, ЭСТЯ 1, 175-176. Turk. > WMong. arqala-, Kalm. arx@l- (KW 14).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:ke- (? i:-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be insolent, quarrel face="Times New Roman Star"быть дерзким, ссориться face="Times New Roman Star"ike-, ikes?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"iges?- face="Times New Roman Star"eges?- face="Times New Roman Star"i:gen- 'to scold, growl at' face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e 'faultfinding', eg|ele:- 'to find faults' face="Times New Roman Star"egen- 'to feel uncomfortable' face="Times New Roman Star"eges?- face="Times New Roman Star"eges- face="Times New Roman Star"eges- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, 118-119.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"song face="Times New Roman Star"песня face="Times New Roman Star"yr (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"yr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"yr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"yr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"yr (Pav. C. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"yr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"yr face="Times New Roman Star"yr face="Times New Roman Star"yrya face="Times New Roman Star"yrya face="Times New Roman Star"yr face="Times New Roman Star"yr face="Times New Roman Star"yr face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192, VEWT 166, 201, Лексика 610, Stachowski 261. The root should be kept distinct from *jyr, although actively contaminating.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:tag face="Times New Roman Star"island face="Times New Roman Star"остров face="Times New Roman Star"ada face="Times New Roman Star"ataw face="Times New Roman Star"(CCum .) atov face="Times New Roman Star"a:da face="Times New Roman Star"odъ face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 87-88, TMN 2, 19, Федотов 2, 295.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalym face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 ransom for bride 2 fee face="Times New Roman Star"1 выкуп за невесту 2 штраф, подать face="Times New Roman Star"qalan (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kalyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn (Houts. , Pav. C. , Буд. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalin face="Times New Roman Star"Galyn| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xalym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalym, qalyn| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xolъm 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xalym, xaly:m 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xylyn| 1 (dial. Todzh.) face="Times New Roman Star"xylym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, TMN 3, 399, 488, ЭСТЯ 5, 239-240, Федотов 2, 354. Turk. > Mong. qalan 'fee, tax' (Щербак 1997 , 197).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Komur/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"musical instrument face="Times New Roman Star"музыкальный инструмент face="Times New Roman Star"qon|us, qon|ys face="Times New Roman Star"xomys face="Times New Roman Star"qomus face="Times New Roman Star"qomus, qamys face="Times New Roman Star"xomus face="Times New Roman Star"qomuz face="Times New Roman Star"qomuz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, ЭСТЯ 6, 69-71.
face="Times New Roman Star"*elu"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mockery, ridicule face="Times New Roman Star"насмешка, издевательство face="Times New Roman Star"elu"k (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ilgezik 'glib, jaunty' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"el@k face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 264-265, EDT 142. Turk. > WMong. eleg, ileg, Khalkha eleg (KW 119).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bus- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to hide, lay an ambush face="Times New Roman Star"прятаться, устраивать засаду face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (OUygh.- Suv. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"pus- face="Times New Roman Star"pos- face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (Pav. C. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"pis-; pus- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"pus- 'to eavesdrop' face="Times New Roman Star"bus- face="Times New Roman Star"bus-xo 'Hinterhalt, Lauer' face="Times New Roman Star"but|- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 371, ЭСТЯ 2, 278-279, TMN 2, 291-292.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"r/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to lace, bind 2 part of loom face="Times New Roman Star"1 вязать, связывать 2 нитченки face="Times New Roman Star"ku"zu"k (IM ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"go"ze- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"zu"g 2 (dial. North.) face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|r@w| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"zu"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 312-313, ЭСТЯ 5, 131.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kutu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"group of people face="Times New Roman Star"группа людей face="Times New Roman Star"qutu (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 596.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"ke face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a big snake face="Times New Roman Star"большая змея face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ke (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 180, EDT 324. Clauson doubts MK 's derivation of bo"ke 'warrior' from 'big snake' (MK quotes a folk-tale about the snake with seven heads called bo"ke, and says that the warriors are called by it); but external evidence rather supports Kashgari's point of view. If this is the case, MMong. bo"ko" 'warrior, wrestler' (whence Evk. buku etc., see Doerfer MT 235) must be a Turkic loanword (see EDT ibid.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bukagu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fetters, chain, string face="Times New Roman Star"путы, цепь, веревка face="Times New Roman Star"buqag|u (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"buqag|u (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bukag|y face="Times New Roman Star"bog|aw face="Times New Roman Star"buqag|u, buqaw (Sangl. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu.g|o|w face="Times New Roman Star"buxov face="Times New Roman Star"buqaw face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|g|av 'iron manacles' face="Times New Roman Star"baka:jy (?) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oo face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aw face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aw face="Times New Roman Star"byg|aw face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ow face="Times New Roman Star"buqaa, byqaa face="Times New Roman Star"buqov, bug|uw face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aw face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aw face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 314, VEWT 87, ЭСТЯ 2, 248-250, Егоров 152, TMN 2, 277-278. Turk. > Mong., cf. MMong. buxa'u (SH ) id., see TMN ibid., Щербак 1997 , 108. Yak. baka:ji with irregular -a- and -k- may reflect some interdialectal loan. Turk. > Hung. be/ko/ (Gombocz 1912 ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"k-tel- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mature face="Times New Roman Star"зрелый face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ktel (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 325.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jub-ga face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bastard, adopted son face="Times New Roman Star"внебрачный, приемный сын face="Times New Roman Star"juvg|a (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 874, VEWT 209 (erroneously united with juvqa 'soft, weak').
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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